The need to preserve, in particular preventively, cultural heritage stems from the inexorable perishable state of materials that are part of heritage, movable and immovable property. In recent decades, studies have identified five major areas of impact of heritage conservation on the economy: job creation, revitalization of city centers, preservation of tourist heritage, increasing the value of property, small business development.

The application of different analytical techniques for the study of excavated objects or pieces belonging to museum collections has been done since the nineteenth century, generally by applying classical analytical techniques to provide answers to historians’ questions.

The twentieth century provided powerful tools for the development of an independent field of science, archaeometry (application of scientific techniques to the analysis of archaeological materials). The most used techniques in archeometry are represented by nuclear techniques. From the beginning of archaeometry, ray fluorescence, X-ray diffraction and electron microscopy have been basic techniques for characterizing materials belonging to cultural heritage. With scientific progress, new nuclear techniques (such as PIXE / PIGE, NAA, etc.) have been successfully applied in the field of archeometry.